番茄网在本教程中，您将学习如何在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL。
PostgreSQL 是一个功能齐全的对象关系型数据库管理系统。它支持大部分 SQL 标准，并被设计为用户可以在许多方面进行扩展。
其中一些特性是：ACID 事务、外键、视图、序列、子查询、触发器、用户定义的类型和函数、外连接、多版本并发控制。许多编程语言的图形用户界面和绑定也可用。
PostgreSQL 是一个强大的开源对象关系数据库系统，它使用并扩展了 SQL 语言，并结合了许多安全存储和扩展最复杂数据工作负载的功能。
在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL
Rocky Linux 附带了适用于各种 PostgreSQL 版本的 AppStream 存储库模块。
dnf module list postgresqlRocky Linux 8 - AppStream
Name Stream Profiles Summary
postgresql 9.6 client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module
postgresql 10 [d] client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module
postgresql 12 client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module
postgresql 13 client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module
Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled从上面的输出中，您可以看到 PostgreSQL 的各种版本的流，包括 v9.6、10、12、13。
PostgreSQL 的 AppStream 模块默认启用。
出于各种原因，您可能希望在 Rocky Linux 8 机器上安装各种版本的 PostgreSQL。
在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 13
在撰写本文时，PostgreSQL 13 是当前的稳定版本。
默认情况下，PostgreSQL 10 的 AppStream 模块默认启用。
在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 13；
- 启用 PostgreSQL 13 AppStream 模块
dnf -qy module enable postgresql:13确认;
dnf info postgresql-serverAvailable Packages
Name : postgresql-server
Version : 13.3
Release : 1.module+el8.4.0+546+3620623e
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 5.6 M
Source : postgresql-13.3-1.module+el8.4.0+546+3620623e.src.rpm
Repository : appstream
Summary : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
URL : http://www.postgresql.org/
License : PostgreSQL因此，您现在可以运行以下命令在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 13。
dnf install postgresql-serverDependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql-server x86_64 13.3-1.module+el8.4.0+546+3620623e appstream 5.6 M
Installing dependencies:
libicu x86_64 60.3-2.el8_1 baseos 8.8 M
libpq x86_64 13.3-1.el8_4 appstream 196 k
postgresql x86_64 13.3-1.module+el8.4.0+546+3620623e appstream 1.5 M
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================
Install 4 Packages
Total download size: 16 M
Installed size: 59 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y检查安装的PostgreSQL版本；
postgres -Vpostgres (PostgreSQL) 13.3初始化数据库；
postgresql-setup --initdb启动并启用 PostgreSQL 在系统启动时运行；
systemctl enable --now postgresql检查状态；
systemctl status postgresql● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-09-07 09:42:14 EAT; 47s ago
Process: 15684 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postgresql-check-db-dir postgresql (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 15686 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 4938)
Memory: 16.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service
├─15686 /usr/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/data
├─15688 postgres: logger
├─15690 postgres: checkpointer
├─15691 postgres: background writer
├─15692 postgres: walwriter
├─15693 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─15694 postgres: stats collector
└─15695 postgres: logical replication launcher
Sep 07 09:42:13 rocky8 systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL database server...
Sep 07 09:42:13 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:13.544 EAT [15686] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.7 on x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 8.4.1 202009>
Sep 07 09:42:13 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:13.545 EAT [15686] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
Sep 07 09:42:13 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:13.545 EAT [15686] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Sep 07 09:42:13 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:13.687 EAT [15686] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Sep 07 09:42:13 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:13.962 EAT [15686] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Sep 07 09:42:14 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:14.130 EAT [15686] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Sep 07 09:42:14 rocky8 postmaster[15686]: 2021-09-07 09:42:14.130 EAT [15686] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Sep 07 09:42:14 rocky8 systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL database server.在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 12
要在 Rocky Linux 上安装 PostgreSQL 12，请运行以下命令；
dnf -qy module enable postgresql:12dnf install postgresql-server否则，如果您启用了其他版本的模块，则按如下方式重置模块并安装 PostgreSQL；
dnf -qy module reset postgresqldnf -qy module enable postgresql:12dnf install postgresql-serverDependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql-server x86_64 12.7-1.module+el8.4.0+587+d46efd10 appstream 5.6 M
Installing dependencies:
libicu x86_64 60.3-2.el8_1 baseos 8.8 M
libpq x86_64 13.3-1.el8_4 appstream 196 k
postgresql x86_64 12.7-1.module+el8.4.0+587+d46efd10 appstream 1.5 M
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================
Install 4 Packages
Total download size: 16 M
Installed size: 59 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y安装后，可以验证版本；
postgres -Vpostgres (PostgreSQL) 12.7初始化数据库；
postgresql-setup --initdb启动并启用 PostgreSQL 在系统启动时运行；
systemctl enable --now postgresql在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 10
默认情况下，您只需运行以下命令即可在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 10。
dnf install postgresql-server但是，如果您启用了其他版本的 AppStream 模块，则必须重置模块。
dnf -qy module reset postgresqldnf install postgresql-serverDependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql-server x86_64 10.17-1.module+el8.4.0+548+9eccbe3f appstream 5.1 M
Installing dependencies:
libpq x86_64 13.3-1.el8_4 appstream 196 k
postgresql x86_64 10.17-1.module+el8.4.0+548+9eccbe3f appstream 1.5 M
Enabling module streams:
postgresql 10
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 6.8 M
Installed size: 26 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y安装后，可以验证版本；
postgres -Vpostgres (PostgreSQL) 10.17初始化数据库；
postgresql-setup --initdb启动并启用 PostgreSQL 在系统启动时运行；
systemctl enable --now postgresql同样，要安装 PostgreSQL 9.x，然后启用该模块并运行安装命令。
在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 11
Rocky Linux 不提供用于安装 PostgreSQL 11 的存储库。
因此，如果您想在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 11，那么您需要安装存储库 RPM：
dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm禁用内置的 PostgreSQL 模块：
dnf -qy module disable postgresql在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 11
dnf install postgresql11-serverDependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql11-server x86_64 11.13-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg11 4.9 M
Installing dependencies:
libicu x86_64 60.3-2.el8_1 baseos 8.8 M
postgresql11 x86_64 11.13-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg11 1.7 M
postgresql11-libs x86_64 11.13-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg11 394 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================
Install 4 Packages
Total download size: 16 M
Installed size: 60 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y初始化数据库；
postgresql-11-setup initdb启动并启用 PostgreSQL 在系统启动时运行；
systemctl enable --now postgresql-11检查状态；
systemctl status postgresql-11● postgresql-11.service - PostgreSQL 11 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-09-07 09:19:07 EAT; 44s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/static/
Process: 11990 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 11995 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 4938)
Memory: 16.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-11.service
├─11995 /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/
├─12001 postgres: logger
├─12003 postgres: checkpointer
├─12004 postgres: background writer
├─12005 postgres: walwriter
├─12006 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─12007 postgres: stats collector
└─12008 postgres: logical replication launcher
Sep 07 09:19:05 rocky8 systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 11 database server...
Sep 07 09:19:06 rocky8 postmaster[11995]: 2021-09-07 09:19:06.387 EAT [11995] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
Sep 07 09:19:06 rocky8 postmaster[11995]: 2021-09-07 09:19:06.387 EAT [11995] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Sep 07 09:19:06 rocky8 postmaster[11995]: 2021-09-07 09:19:06.541 EAT [11995] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Sep 07 09:19:06 rocky8 postmaster[11995]: 2021-09-07 09:19:06.848 EAT [11995] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Sep 07 09:19:07 rocky8 postmaster[11995]: 2021-09-07 09:19:07.005 EAT [11995] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Sep 07 09:19:07 rocky8 postmaster[11995]: 2021-09-07 09:19:07.005 EAT [11995] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Sep 07 09:19:07 rocky8 systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 11 database server.这就是如何在 Rocky Linux 8 上安装 PostgreSQL 的全部内容。
